Stages and Areas of Growth & Development.
Stages of Growth & Development.
As a one of main processes of change of human behavior, Development has some stages. They are unique in nature and they differ from each other. The stages of development are as follows —
The period from the conception of new life in the mother’s womb to the moment before birth is called the Pre-natal Age. This age lasts for almost 38 weeks. There are three stages in this period. They are –
Firstly, Germinal Stage
The first two weeks after conception in the mother’s womb is Germinal Stage.
Secondly, Embryonic Period
The period from the third week to the eighth week after conception in the mother’s womb is Embryonic Period.
Thirdly, Fetal Period
The period from the ninth week to the birth after conception in the mother’s womb is Fetal Period.
The development process that goes through these three stages is called
Pre-natal Development and the stages of development within the Pre-natal Age are collectively called
Pre-natal Developmental Stages.
These stages are the Matter of Medical science. Additionally, the development within these stages is also called fetal development or Embryology.The process of development that takes place in human life after birth is called Post-natal Development and this Post-natal Development lasts till the last day of life i.e. death. Psychologists divide the entire post-natal development period into several stages. Those stages are one of the main subjects of discussion of educational psychology as well as developmental psychology. Those stages are collectively called Post-natal Developmental Stages.
The stages are –
1) Infancy/Toddlerhood (0 to 2 years)
The period from birth to the age of two years is the age of Infancy or Toddlerhood.
2) Childhood (2 to 12 years)
The period from the age of two to the age of twelve is the age of Childhood. In between this period, the first four years (from two to six years of age) are the age of Early Childhood and the last six years (six to twelve years of age) are the age of Late Childhood.
· Early childhood (2 to 6 years)
· Late childhood (6 to 12 years)
3) Adolescence stage (12 to 18 or 19 years)
The period from the age of twelve to the age of eighteen or nineteen is the age of Adolescence.
4) Adulthood (18 or 19 to 60 years)
The period from the age of eighteen or nineteen to the age of sixty is the age of Adulthood. In between this, the period from the age of eighteen or nineteen to the age of forty is the age of Early Adulthood and the period from the age of forty to the age of sixty is the age of Late Adulthood.
· Early adulthood (19-40)
· Late adulthood (40-60)
5) Old-Age (60 years onwards).
The period from the age of sixty to death is the age of Old Age.
Areas of Development.
There are two concepts about areas of development and they are as follows:
1st Concept
1) Physical Development
2) Cognitive Development
3) Psychological Development
2nd Concept
1) Physical Development
2) Cognitive Development
3) Social Development
4) Psychological Development
5) Moral Development
6) Emotional Development
7) Language Development
N.B. –
Language Development is the sum total of Physical Development, Cognitive Development, Social Development and Psychological Development. Or, Language Development = (Physical Development + Cognitive Development + Social Development + Psychological Development).
Emotional Development is the sum total of Cognitive Development, Social Development, Psychological Development. Or, Emotional Development = (Cognitive Development + Social Development + Psychological Development).
So from the above picture we can easily get to know about different Stages and Areas of Growth & Development.
⇒ Growth and its characteristics.
⇒ Development and its characteristics.
⇒ Relation and Differences between Growth and Development.
⇒ Principle of Development in Psychology.
⇒ Educational Implication of Principle of Growth & Development.
⇒ Factors Influencing Human Growth & Development.
⇒ Growth & Development affecting Special Social Factors.
⇒ Why should a teacher study Growth & Development ?
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